What Causes Tooth Sensitivity and How to Stop It

Tooth sensitivity is a common dental issue that many people experience at some point in their lives. It’s often described as a sharp pain that occurs when the teeth come into contact with cold, hot, or sweet substances. While tooth sensitivity is typically harmless, it can be uncomfortable and may indicate an underlying issue that requires treatment.

What Is Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity occurs when the enamel, the outer protective layer of the tooth, wears down or when gums recede, exposing the underlying dentin layer. The dentin contains tiny tubes filled with fluid that connect directly to the nerve of the tooth. When these tubes are exposed, stimuli like cold air, hot drinks, or sugary foods can trigger pain or discomfort.

There are several factors that can contribute to the development of tooth sensitivity, including aggressive brushing, gum recession, or enamel erosion due to acidic foods and drinks.

Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity

• Gum Recession: One of the most common causes of tooth sensitivity is gum recession, which can occur from brushing too hard or using a toothbrush with medium or hard bristles. Gum recession exposes the tooth roots, which are more sensitive than the crown.
• Brushing Too Hard: Many people believe that they must press hard when brushing their teeth to make sure they get the plaque off of them. This is not accurate. It is important to thoroughly brush each tooth and to spend at least two minutes every time you brush, but the pressure required does not need to be heavy. This can actually rub the enamel off the teeth over time. Another type of hard brushing that occurs is with patients who use electric toothbrushes. The brush is designed to vibrate with the correct pressure to remove plaque from the teeth, extra pressure by the user is not required.
• Enamel Erosion: Over time, acidic drinks like soda, citrus, and wine can erode tooth enamel. Enamel erosion exposes the softer dentin underneath, leading to increased sensitivity. Brushing your teeth immediately after consuming acidic foods can also wear down the enamel.
• Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Although not as common, grinding or clenching your teeth, especially while sleeping, can eventually wear down the enamel and cause the teeth to become more sensitive. People with bruxism may experience sensitivity on both sides of their mouth due to the wear on the tooth surfaces.
• Tooth Whitening: Whitening products can cause increased sensitivity, which is temporary. This side effect is associated with any kind of teeth whitening product such as toothpaste, mouth wash, strips or gels. It's important to consult with your dentist before using whitening products to ensure they won’t worsen your sensitivity.

How to Stop Tooth Sensitivity

The first step in treating tooth sensitivity is identifying the cause. If your sensitivity is due to gum recession or enamel erosion, there are several solutions available. Switching to a soft-bristled toothbrush and using desensitizing toothpaste, such as Sensodyne, can help reduce the discomfort.

In cases where the sensitivity is due to significant enamel erosion or gum recession, bonding or other restorative treatments might be necessary to rebuild the lost enamel and protect the dentin layer. If sensitivity is caused by bruxism, your dentist may recommend wearing a nightguard to protect your teeth from grinding during sleep.

Fluoride and Potassium for Tooth Sensitivity Relief

Fluoride toothpaste can help to remineralize the enamel, while potassium ions in desensitizing toothpaste work by blocking the nerve signals, alleviating pain. Additionally, fluoride toothpaste, often available by prescription, can provide extra protection for sensitive teeth.

Prevent Tooth Sensitivity to Hot and Cold

To prevent tooth sensitivity, it's essential to adopt good oral hygiene habits. Avoid brushing too hard and use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Wait at least 30 minutes after consuming acidic foods or drinks before brushing your teeth to allow the enamel to re-harden. Consider using a mouth guard if you grind your teeth, and limit your consumption of acidic foods and sugary beverages.

Contact a NYC Dentist About Tooth Sensitivity Treatment Today

Tooth sensitivity can range from a mild inconvenience to a significant discomfort. Understanding the causes of tooth sensitivity is the first step in addressing the problem. By using the right oral care products and seeking quality dental treatment when necessary, you can manage and prevent tooth sensitivity, keeping your teeth comfortable and healthy. If you are experiencing teeth sensitivity, we invite you to reach out to our NYC dental clinic for an initial consultation.